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Abstract
Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is among the most common psychiatric complications of childbirth, yet in many Indonesian primary-care settings it remains undetected. This study estimated the prevalence and determinants of PPD risk among puerperal women attending a community midwifery facility in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 30 postpartum women were screened consecutively between October and November 2025 using the validated 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); risk was banded as none (0–4), low (5–9), moderate (10–12) and high (>12). Prevalence was estimated with Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CI); associations with maternal age, parity, education and occupation were examined using odds ratios (OR), Cramér's V, Firth-penalized logistic regression and Spearman correlation (significance p<0.05).
Results: The mean EPDS score was 5.5 ± 3.0. Overall, 46.7% (95% CI 30.2–63.9) screened at risk (EPDS ≥5), comprising 33.3% low and 13.3% moderate risk; 13.3% (95% CI 5.3–29.7) reached the probable-depression threshold (≥10), and none scored high. All probable-depression cases occurred in primiparas. Lower maternal education correlated with higher symptom scores (Spearman ρ = −0.36, p = 0.039); younger age (<25 years; OR 4.44, 95% CI 0.82–23.95) and lower education (OR 2.73, 95% CI 0.65–11.55) showed non-significant positive associations.
Conclusion: Even in an apparently low-risk obstetric population, a substantial minority of mothers carried subthreshold-to-moderate depressive risk. Routine EPDS screening with stepped referral should be embedded in primary maternal care to protect maternal mental health.
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